Latin American legislators, like legislators worldwide, are drawn from a narrow set of elites who are largely out of touch with average citizens. Despite comprising the vast majority of the labor force, working-class people represent a small slice of the legislature. Working Class Inclusion examines how the near exclusion of working-class citizens from legislatures affects citizens’ evaluations of government. Combining surveys from across Latin America with novel data on legislators’ class backgrounds and experiments from Argentina and Mexico, the book demonstrates voters want more workers in office, and when combined with policy representation, the presence of working-class legislators improves citizens’ evaluations of government. Absent policy representation, however, workers are met with distrust and backlash. Chapters show citizens have many opportunities to learn about the presence, or absence, of workers; and the relationship between working-class representation and evaluations of government is strongest among citizens who are aware of legislators’ class status.
In 2024, Working Class Inclusion was the winner of two awards from the American Political Science Association:
Barnes, Tiffany D., Emily Beaulieu, and Gregory W. Saxton. 2025. "Women Police Office and Public Trust: Reducing Perceptions of Corruption." Applied Police Briefings 4 (2): 27-29.
Mhajne, Anwar, and Gregory W. Saxton. 2022. "Gender Egalitarian Attitudes and Support for Islamist Parties in the Middle East and North Africa." Journal of Women, Politics, and Policy 43 (2) 227-244.
Saxton, Gregory W., and Tiffany D. Barnes. 2022. "Sex and Ideology: Liberal and Conservative Responses to Scandal." Journal of Elections, Public Opinion, and Parties 32 (2) 396-407.
Saxton, Gregory W. 2021. "Governance Quality, Fairness Perceptions, and Satisfaction with Democracy in Latin America." Latin American Politics & Society 63 (2): 122-145.
Barnes, Tiffany D., Emily Beaulieu, and Gregory W. Saxton. 2020. "Sexand Corruption: How Sexism Shapes Voters' Responses to Scandal." Politics, Groups, and Identities 8 (1): 103-121.
Barnes, Tiffany D., and Gregory W. Saxton. 2019. "Working-Class Legislators and Perceptions of Representation in Latin America." Political Research Quarterly 72 (4): 910-928.
Invited presentation at "The Public and Democracy in the Americas" conference, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Barnes, Tiffany D., Emily Beaulieu, and Gregory W. Saxton. 2018. "RestoringTrust in the Police: Why Female Officers Reduce Suspicions of Corruption."Governance 31 (1): 143-161.